Machine for producing gears



May 7 1935. L. o. CARLSEN MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS Filed Feb. 27, 1932 ll Sheets-Sheet 1 leo zazrda @rZsw Z25 ATTORNE May 7, 1935. L, o. CARLSEN I MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 27, 1932 INVENTOR .ZeozarJO z' ATTORNEY WNW Mm NNN y 1935- 1.. o. CARLSEN 2,000,215

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS Filed Feb. 27, 1952 ll Shets-Sheet 3 VENTOR Zmard 0 @rZSZ BY Zz's ATTORNEY/7 May 1935. o. CARLSEN 2,000,215

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS Filed Feb. 27, 1932 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 53 INVENTOR zls ATTORNEY y 1935- L. o. CARLSEN 2,000,215

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS Filed Feb. 27, 1932 ll Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR Zearzqrcz" O CarZseJzA BY 7 kz's ATTORNEYZLV May 7, 1935.

L. o. CARLSEN MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS F'iled Feb. 27, 1932 ll Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR Za /(aria Crbezp.

Zzls ATTORNEY May 7, 1935. L. o. CARLSEN MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS Filed Feb. 27, 1952 1.1 Sheets-Sheet 8 Zz's ATTORNEY /T0L/ humm- May 7, 1935. L. o. CARLSEN MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS ll Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Feb. 27, 1932 INVENTOR Zeofzzni Q @rz'seza.

ks ATTORNEYT May 7, 1935. 1.. o. CARLSEN MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS Filed Feb. 2'7, 1932 ll Sheets-Sheet l0 INVENTOR Zeamfa? 0. @Zsezzv.

Zzls ATTORN y 7, 1935. L. o. CARLSEN 2,000,215

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS Filed Feb. 27, 1932 ll Sheets-Sheet ll INVENTOR jfaizard' Q CQIZSQZ,

ATTORNEY 7 Patented m r, was 2,000 215 Nl'lED STATES PATENT OFFICE MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GEARS Leonard 0. Carlsen, Rochester, N-..Y., assignor to Gleason Works, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application February 27, 1932, Serial No. 595,558

25 Claims. (Cl. 90-4) The present invention relates to machines for adjusting the cutter relative to the work to comproducing gears and in a particular aspect to pensate for the change in the height of the blades machines for generating longitudinally curved after each sharpening. All of these adjustments tooth bevel and hypoid gears. have been provided in the present machine but One object of the invention is to provide a through imp v lnentin he m ntin of he eut- 5 spiral bevel and hypoid gear generator which ter on the cradle, greater compactness a rigidwill be more compact and rigid in construction. ty av n a ta n the P t machine, For this purpose, improvements have been made the cutter spindle is mounted so as to be axially in the tool end of the machine which enable the adjustable in a swivel-head that is angularly required large number of cutter adjustments to justable on a carrier which is, in turn, adjustable 1 be made in a very compact space and which, at angularly at right angles on a slide that is radialthe same time, make it possible to hold the cuty djus able 0n the cradle. The whole makes a ter rigidly against chatter or vibration when in Ve y sturdy eoustruetienoperation. For this purpose, too, the work head When a face-mill gear Cutter i j d nguis mounted on a sliding base that is adjustable in a y On s c the distance of the Point Of 15 the direction of the axis of the cradle so that cut from the center about which the cutter adadjustment of the work may be used to avoid justs changes. Heretofore spiral bevel and hyin large part the necessity for axial adjustment poid gear generators have been built with a of the cutter spindle with the result that extreme w n g Wo h d as on these p r n overhang of the cutter spindle is avoided. s, it Was necessary adjust the cutter 20 Another object of the invention is to make it axia1ly, wh n v r n angular a j nt f the possible to operate spiral bevel and hypoid gen- Cutter had be n mad in Order to brin h cuterators and gear-cutting machines of the interter and work i o Operative relation- The w mittent indexing type generally at faster speeds ing a could not be adjusted for this p p but still with greater quietness. To this end, imfor adjustme o th swinging base W d Change 2 proved indexing and reverse mechanisms have the angle between the axes of the work and cradle been developed. These operate with a slow start and at wo d r u t in a e r of e Wron and stop and in such way that both the begin- Ditch cone angle being produced This necessity ning and end of the respective operations are f r axial adjustment of h cutter pindl n cushioned. Thus both reversal and indexing can a u a jus of the Cutter has required 30 be effected more rapidly and still without jar or heretofore, ho v that Provision be de o noise. a very long adjustment for this spindle and in The invention has been illustrated as embodied Cases f large angular adjustment, he Cutte in a machine for generating spiral bevel and hysp d s ad t be djus d'so ar that the poid gears. Mention will be made briefly now utt r has v r un beyond t cradle to a x- 35 of the new features of this ma hin a d th cessive degree with the result that it has been a more detailed description of each will be given. impossible to pp e Cutter as rigidly s In this machine, instead of mounting the cutmight be desired a a st Vibration d atterter, as usual, on an open cradle which oscillates n the machine of the Present invention, as me 40 in a dished bed, a full circular cradle with a full tioned, the w k h ad i m t d n a s d n- 40 circular bearing therefor has been provided. stead of a swinging bases b s adjust- Thus the cutter is held with the sam rigidity able in the direction of the axis of the cradle. at all points of the generating roll and more ac- With this construction, after an angular justcurate, smoother-surfaced gears ca be t, ment of the cutter, the sliding base instead of Whenever spiral bevel or hypoid gears are .to e Cutter ca be adj ed to b ing the Wo and 45 be out, the cutter must be adjusted relative t cutter into operative relation, for adjustment of the work in accordance with the spiral angle of he sliding base does change the de ed the gear to be cut. In addition, in order to cut angular relation of the work and cradle axes. hypoid gears, in order to cut spiral bevel and Hence through provision of a sliding base, it is hypoid gears of different pressure angles with unnecessary to provide for any more adjustment 50 i the same face-mill gear cutter, and in order to of the cutter sp than that required o 0 mcut spiral bevel or hypoid gears conjugate to pensate for reduction in the height of the blades non-generated mating gears, all on the same maof the cutter with repeated sharpenings, and conchine, two angular adjustments of the cutter are ditions of excessive overhang of the cutter are 5 required. Then, means should be provided for eliminated entirely. As will be'pointed out later,

too, the use of the sliding base enables the machine to be operated more rapidly Without noise or Jar.

In the reverse mechanism of the machine, oil or a similar medium is used to cushion reversal. A hollow d um containing oil or a suitable liquid is secured to the driven shaft. Each of the two oppositely rotating drive gears is provided with a lug or projection that extends into the drum and the drum carries oppositely directed dogs that are adapted to engage alternately with the two lugs thereby to cause the alternate drive in opposite directions. The shock of reversal is eliminated by causing the speed of movement of the relatively rotating parts to be gradually reduced, just prior to engagement, through controlled escape of oil between the lug or projection next to drive and the corresponding dog.

In the index mechanism, oil or a similar liquid is again used as a cushioning medium. The continuously rotating shaft, which produces the indexing motion, is provided with a lug or arm that extends into a drum which is secured to one of a two gears that serve to transmit rotation between the continuously rotating shaft and the differential housing during indexing. The other gear is secured to another drum that is provided with dogs which extend into this drum and are adapted to engage an arm or plate which is secured to the differential housing and which also extends into this second drum. As in prior types of indexing mechanisms used on bevel and hypoid gear generators, the differential housing is held against rotation during actual cutting by engagement of the dogs which are mounted on the second drum with the arm or plate secured to the differential housing. As in prior constructions, also, the indexing is effected by releasing the differential housing and connecting the continuously rotating shaft to itthrough engagement of pawls carried by the first mentioned gear with the lug or arm secured to the continuously rota ing shaft. As in prior indexing mezhanisms, also, when the indexing has been completed, the continuously rotating shaft is disconnected from the differential and the differential is again locked against rotation. The index mechanism of the present invention is novel, however, in the provision of means for cushioning both the connection of the driving shaft to the differential at the beginning of the indexing operation and the stoppage of the differential housing at the end of the indexing operation. The two drums provided contain oil or a suitable fluid and the connection of the continuously rotating shaft through the differential housing is gradual by reason of the entrapment and controlled escape of oil between the connecting pawls and the lug or arm provided on the continuously rotating shaft. Likewise, the stoppage of the differential is cushioned through entrapment and gradual escape of oil between the stop dogs and the lug or arm provided on the continuously rotating shaft.

This cushioning of the reverse and index mechanisms enables the machine to be driven at higher speeds and, by eliminating vibration, permits of turning out a better quality of work.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a side elevation, with parts broken away, of a spiral bevel and hypoid gear generator constructed according to one embodiment of the present invention and incorporating in its construction the various improvements which constitute this invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view of this machine, parts being broken away and shown in section;

Figure 3 is a front end elevation of the cradle and cutter mounting;

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is an clevational view of the cutter swivel-head and its carrier, the view being at right angles to the section of Figure 4 and parts being broken away and shown in section;

Figure 6 is a bottom plan View of the swivelhead and carrier;

Figure I is a sectional view showing details of the machine drive, the section being taken in a vertical plane,

Figure 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken through the frame or base of the machine, at one end thereof, and showing details of the reversing and index mechanisms and of the con trols therefor;

Figure 9 is a section on the line 99 of Figure 8, the view being taken in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 10 is a section on the line |lll of Figure 9, showing details of the indexing mech anism and drive to the work spindle;

Figure 11 is a section on the line II-II of Figure 9 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 12 is a section substantially on the line l2-l2 of Figure 9;

Figure 13 is a fragmentary sectional view, taken substantially on the line l3-l3 of Figure 11;

Figure 14 is a section on the line H! of Figure 11;

Figure 15 is a section on the line l--|5 of Figure and Figures 16 and 1'7 are more or less diagrammatic views of the index mechanism, showing successive positions of the parts at different times in the indexing operation.

Figures 3 to inclusive are all on an enlarged scale as compared with Figures 1 and 2, Figure 6 being on a slightly reduced scale, however, as compared with Figure 5. Figures 16 and 17 are on a still further enlarged scale.

20 designates the base or frame of the machine.

The cradle housing is mounted on the frame at one end thereof while a sliding base, which carries the work head, is slidably mounted on the frame at the other end thereof. The cradle housing is made in two parts for convenience of assembly. The lower portion 2| is secured to the frame 20 in any suitable manner, while the upper portion 22. which is in the form of a capmember is secured to the lower portion by bolts 23. Each of the portions 2| and 22 has a substantially semi-circular front bearing or way and a substantially semi-circular rear hearing or way. When the two parts 2| and 22 are assembled, the front bearing portions constitute a full circular track or bearing 25 (Fig. 4) while the rear bearing portion constitutes a full circular bearing or track 26. The rear hearing or track 26 is much smaller in diameter than the front bearing or track 25. The cradle, which is designated at 21, is mounted to oscillate in the bearings 25 and 26. It is secured against axial movement in the housing by the circular gib or strap 28 (Figs. 3 and 4) This gib is secured to the housing by screws 29.

There are parallel guide-ways 30 and 3| formed on the front face of the cradle 21, (Figures 1 and 3). The slide 33, which is radially adjustable on the cradle, is mounted to slide on these ways 30 and 3I. It is secured in any adjusted position by the gibs 34 and 35 and the bolts 36 and 31, the gib 34 and bolts 38 clamping the slide to the way 30 and the gib '35 and bolts 31 clamping the slide against the way 3|.

Adjustment of the slide 33 on the cradle is effected by rotation of a stub shaft 40 which is journaled in the slide 33 and which is formed integral with the worm 4|. The worm 4| meshes with a worm wheel 42 which is secured to a shaft 43 that is also journaled in the slide 33. There is a spur pinion 44 secured to the shaft 43 and this pinion meshes with a rack 45 that is secured by screws 48 to the face of the cradle 21.

A scale 48, which is secured to the gib 34, and and a vernier 49 which is secured to the face of the cradle are used to accurately position the slide 33.

The slide 33 is formed with a centrally located circular opening in which is mounted the cutter carrier 50. The circular opening in the slide 33 provides a circular way or bearing in which the carrier 50 is rotatably adjustable (Fig. 4). The carrier isformed with a circular bearingsurface 52 which seats in the way or bearing 5I and the carrier is secured in any position of its rotatable adjustment on the slide 33 by the strapmember 54 and bolts 55. When the bolts are tightened up, the carrier 50 and strap-member 54 are drawn against opposite sides of the circular opening in the slide 33 to hold the carrier 50 rigidly in any position of its angular adjustment on the slide. The axis about which the carrier adjusts extends in the same direction as the axis of the cradle:

Adjustment of the carrier 50 on the slide 33 may be effected by rotation of the shaft 58 (Figs. 3 and 6) which is joumaled in aligned openings in the strap-member 54 and carrier 50. This shaft carries a spur gear 51 which meshes with a spur gear 58 that is secured to a shaft 59 which is journaled in aligned openings in the strapmember 54 and carrier 50. The gear 58 meshes with an internal gear 80 (Fig. 4) that is secured by screws 8| to the slide or carriage 33. The axis of the gear 60 coincides with the axis about which the carrier 50 adjusts in the central opening in the slide or carriage 33.

The carrier 50 is in the general shape of a ring with a depending bracket-portion 88 extending from the rear thereof into the cradle (Figs. 4 and 5). In the central opening of the ring there is mounted the angularly adjustable swivel-head 65. This swivel head 65 has a bearing portion 86 that seats in the depending bracket portion 68 of the carrier 50. There is a shaft 69 joumaled on anti-friction bearings and 1| in the bearing portions 68 and 68, respectively. It is about the axis of this shaft 89 that the swivel head 85 has its angular adjustment on the carrier 50. The axis of the shaft 89 is at right angles to and intersects the axis about which the carrier 50 adjusts in the slide or carriage 33.

Angular adjustment of the swivel-head 65 in the carrier 50 is effected by rotation of the stubshaft (Figs. 4, 5 and 6) which is journaled in a bracket 18 that is secured by the bolts 11 and screws 18 to the swivel-head 65. There is a bevel pinion 80 secured to the shaft 15 and this pinion meshes with a bevel gear 8| that is keyed to the worm shaft 82. There is a worm 83 formed integral with the shaft 82. This meshes with a worm wheel segment 85 that is keyed to the carrier 50 at one side thereof. There is a plate 81 secured by screws 88 to the worm wheel segment 85 (Fig. 5) This plate is graduated to provide a scale by means of which the swivel-head can be adjusted accurately in the carrier.

The cutter spindle 92 is journaled in a sliding member 94 that is mounted on the swivel head 55 and serves with the swivel head to enclose the cutter spindle and its bearings. The member 94 is adjustable on the swivel head in a direction axial of the cutter spindle.- This member 94 has spaced bearing portions 95 and 98 that rest upon the upper face of the swivel head. The cutter spindle 92 is mounted in the member 94 on front and rear anti-friction bearings 91 and 98. These are secured against spaced shoulders on the cutter spindle by nuts 99 and I00, respectively. An oil seal is provided as indicated at I02. A rear cover plate I04 is secured by screws I05 to the slidable member 94 to prevent dirt-or grit from getting into the rear bearings 81, while a labyrinth-seal I05 is provided to protect the front bearings 91. This seal is secured to the sliding-member 94 by screws I 01.

The cutter H0 is a face-mill gear cutter of standard construction. It is provided with a plurality of cutting blades III which are circumferentially arranged and which are secured to the cutter head by screws or bolts H2. The cutter is secured tothe cutter spindle 92 by bolts I I3.

After sharpening, the cutter must be adjusted axially to compensate for the reduced height of the cutting blades. This axial adjustment is effected by rotation of the screw II5 (Fig. 6) which is rotatable in a lug II8 formed integral with the slidable member 94 and which threads into a lug II1 that is secured by the screw I I8 and dowel-pins II9 to the swivel-head 65.

The supporting member 94 is held in any position of its combined axial and angular adjustment by the T-bolt I (Fig. 4). This bolt is secured in the part 54'. Its stem passes through a straight slot I2I in the supporting-member 94 and its head engages in an arcuate T-slot I22 also formed in the supporting member 94. The straight slot I2| extends parallel to the axis of the cutter spindle while the arcuate slot I22 is parallel to the peripheral surface of the worm gear segment 85.

During the operation of the machine, the cutter, as usual, rotates continuously on its axis. The cutter is driven by the motor I (Fig. 2). The drive pinion I28 is coupled to the armature shaft of the motor I25. It meshes. with and drives the bevel gear I21. This gear I21 is secured by screws I28 to the sleeve I29 which is keyed to the shaft I30. There is a spur gear I32 secured to the shaft I30. This gear I32 meshes with a spur gear I33 which is secured to a shaft I34 (Fig. 7). The two shafts I and I 34 are mounted in parallelism with one another in anti-friction bearings on the bracket I which is secured to the frame of the machine. The shaft I34 is mounted coaxially of the cradle 21. At its forward end, it is mounted on the anti-friction bearing I 38 (Fig. 4) which is secured in the L-shaped bearing-member I31. Both arms of the bearing mem- Eber I31 are tubular. This bearing member is (rotatable in the cradle but is held against axial movement relative to the cradle by the cap-member I38 which is secured to the bearing member by screws I39.

There is a 'miter gear I keyed to the forward end of the shaft I 34. This gear meshes with a miter gear I that is formed integral with the sleeve I42 which is journaled in the short arm of the L-shaped bearing member I31, on antifriction bearings I43. The sleeve I42 carries a key I45 that engages in the splined-slot I46 in the shaft I 41. The shaft I41 is adapted to slide in the sleeve' I42 during adjustment of the slide 33 radially on the face of the cradle. The key I45 and splined-slot I46 permit of this sliding movement of the shaft I 41 while, at the same time, providing a driving connection between the gear MI and the shaft I41.

The shaft I41 is mounted at one end in the sleeve I42, as described. At its opposite end it is keyed to the bevel pinion I54. This pinion is journaled on anti-friction bearings I48 in a bracket I50 which is secured by the collar II and screws I52 to the depending portion 68 of the tool carrier 50.

Thepinion I54 meshes with a bevel gear -I55 that is journaled on anti-friction bearings I56 and I58 in the bracket I50. The gear I55 is of the long-shank type. Therejs another bevel gear I60 keyed to the shank or shaft of the gear I55. This gear I60 meshes with a bevel gear I6I that is keyed to the shaft 69. The shaft 69 is journaled at one end on the anti-friction bearing I63 in the depending portion 68 of the carrier 50. At its other end, the shaft 69 is journaled on anti-friction bearings I64 in the bearing portion 66 of the swivel head 65 and in a cap-member I61. The cap-member I61 is secured to the bearing portion 66 of the swivel head 65 by screws I68. I51 and I65 indicate oil seals.

There is a bevel pinion I keyed to the shaft 69. This pinion I10 meshes with and drives a bevel gear I1I. The latter gear is secured by screws I12 to a sleeve I13 that is mounted on the cutter spindle 92 and has a splined connection therewith through the pin or key I14, which engages in the slot I cut longitudinally in the cutter spindle. The sleeve I13 is held against movement relative to the swivel-head 65 by the cap-member I16 and washers I11 and I18. The cap-member I16 is secured to the sleeve I13 by the screws I19.

In the axial adjustment of the cutter spindle 92 to compensate for sharpening of the cutter, the spindle slides in the sleeve I13 and the support 94 slides on the swivel head 65, the key I14 maintaining the driving connection from the motor I25 to the spindle' In the angular adjustment of the swivel-head 65, the swivel-head is adjusted about the axis of the shaft 69 and of the pinion I10; the gear I1I rolls on the pinion I10 and the driving connection between the motor I25 and the cutter spindle is maintained. In the angular adjustment of the carrier 59, shaft I41 and bracket I31 are swung about the axis of the shaft I34 and gear I40, the gear I4I rolling on the gear I40 and maintaining the driving connection to the cutter spindle. In the radial adjustment of the slide or carriage 33. as already described, the shaft I41 slides in the sleeve I42 and the drive is maintained through the key I45 and splined-slot I46.

I85 designates the sliding base of the machine. This base slides on ways I86 formed on the upper surface of the frame (Fig. 2). Its movement is in the direction of the axis of the cradle 21 like the movement of the sliding base in the machine of U. S. Patent No. 1,656,633 of January 17, 1928, issued to E. C. Head et al. In general, the sliding base and the work head mounted thereon are similar in construction to the corresponding parts of the machine of this patent. Reference may be had to this patent for further details of the structure of the sliding base. As pointed out in this patent, use of a sliding base makes it possible to operate a machine faster for the work can clear the cutter sooner than with a swinging base, enabling the indexing operation to be completed sooner and the sliding base can be oper ated. at higher speeds than a swinging base without vibration or jar. These advantages are retained in the present machine and in addition there is obtained the marked advantage in reduction of cutter spindle adjustment to which extended reference has already been made above.

Mounted on the sliding base for angular adjustment thereon is a carrier I88. Its angular adjustment is for the purpose of adjusting the blank into the cutting plane of the cutter and depends upon the pitch cone angle of the gear to be cut. The carrier I88 is secured in any position of its angular adjustment on the sliding base I85 by T-bolts I89, the heads of which engage in the arcuate T-slots I90 which are formed in the upper face of the sliding base I85.

There is a column I92 slidably mounted on the carrier I88 for adjustment in a direction axial to the work spindle of the machine. This adjustment is for the purpose of positioning the blank at the correct cone distance from the axis of the cradle and depends upon the cone distance of the gear to be cut. The column can be secured in any adjusted position by T-bolts I93, the heads of which engage in the T-slot I94 formed in the upper surface of the carrier I88.

The work head I95 is adjustable vertically on the column I92 for the purpose of enabling hypoids as well as spiral bevel gears to be cut on this machine. This vertical adjustment of the work head is effected by rotation of a screw shaft I91 (Figs. 1 and 2) which threads into the column I92. The work head slides for the purpose of this adjustment on ways' I98 and I99 formed on the column I92. It is secured in position after adjustment by the strap or gib 200 and the clamping bolts MI.

The work spindle 205 is journaled in the work head. The gear blank G (Fig. 1) to be cut may be secured to the work spindle by any suitable means. In Figure 2, for the sake of clearness in illustration, the blank and chucking mechanism are omitted from the drawings.

In the operation of the machine, the cutter rotates continuously on its axis. In cutting each tooth space, the sliding base is fed toward the cutter to feed the blank into proper depth and the cradle and blank are rotated in timed relation to produce the generating roll. If the machine is arranged to cut on roll in one direction only, the direction of the cradle and blank rotation will be reversed to return the cutter and cradle to initial position when the tooth profile or profiles have been completely generated, and the blank will be withdrawn from engagement with the cutter by reverse movement of the sliding base, and when the blank is clear, it will be indexed. If the machine is a double-roll machine, that is, a machine which cuts during roll in both directions, then, after the directions of the cradle and blank rotations have been reversed, the blank will be fed further into the cutter so that, during the roll in the opposite direction, a final finishing cut may be taken. At a predetermined point in the roll, the blank will be withdrawn from engagement with the cutter by movement of the sliding base and the blank will be indexed.

In the present machine, the movement of the sliding base is controlled by a. cam 2I0 (Figs. 1

and 2) which rotates continuously in one direction. This cam may be of the double-track type as illustrated. The connections between this cam and the sliding base have not been shown but 5 they may be the same as employed in the Head et a]. patent above mentioned or of any suitable type.

The drive to this cam will now be described. Mounted on the shaft I39 (Fig. 2) is a spur gear 2l2 which meshes with and drives a spur gear 213 (Figs. 2 and 7). This spur gear 2l3 is secured to a shaft 2| 4 that is journaled on antifriction bearings 215 and 216 in the bracket I35. There is a bevel gear 211 keyed to the inner end of the shaft 2l4. This bevel gear meshes with two oppositely disposed bevel gears 2|8 and 219.

The bevel gear 2| 8 is of the long-shank type and its shank 222 is mounted on anti-friction bearings 223 and 224 in the bracket I35. 'The bevel gear 219 is formed integral with a hollow sleeve 226 which surrounds the shaft 228 and is mounted in the bracket I35 on spaced bearings 221 and 228. The shaft 228 is journaled at one end in a counterbore of the gear 2 I 8, being mounted on the anti-friction bearings 229. At its other end, the shaft 228 is mounted in the bracket 135 on an anti-friction bearing 230.

The motor I25 (Figs. 1 and 2) is reversible so as to operate cutters of opposite hands. It is desirable, however, to rotate the feed cam always in one direction regardless of the direction of rotation of the cutter. This is the reason of the provision of the two gears 2| 8 and 219.

There are clutch teeth 232 and 233 formed on the opposed end faces of the gears H8 and 2| 9. These clutch teeth are adapted to cooperate, respectively, with clutch teeth 236 and 231 formed on the two ends, respectively, of a clutch member 235. The clutch member 235 is keyed to the shaft 228 and is adapted to be shifted to engage with either gear 2l8 -or gear 219 by oscillation of a yoke-member 238 which may be of standard construction and which engages in the peripheral slot 239 formed in the clutch member 235. A suitable lever (not shown) may be provided for manipulating the yoke-member 238. When the shaft 214 is rotating in one direction, the clutch member is engaged with gear 2 I8 to transmit rotation in the desired direction to the shaft 220. When the shaft 2| 4 is rotating in the opposite direction, the clutch member must be engaged with the other gear 2l9 to transmit rotation in the desired direction to the shaft 228. The coopgrating clutch teeth on the two gears and the clutch member are so formed, as clearly shown in Fig. 4, that the clutch can only be engaged with a gear 2l8 or 219 when the gear is rotating in the direction required to transmit rotation in the desired direction to shaft 220. If the clutch is not engaged with the correct gear 2| 8 or 219, as the case may be, it is thrown out of engagement. Thus the clutch teeth constitute a safety device preventing driving of the feed cam in the wrong direction.

There is a bevel gear 240 keyed to the lower end of the shaft 220. This gear meshes with a bevel gear 241 (Fig. 8) on a horizontal shaft 242. There is a miter gear 244 secured to one end of the shaft 242. This gear 244 meshes with and drives a miter gear 245. The gear 245 is keyed to the hub of a spur gear 246 that may be clutched to the shaft 241 by a clutch 243 which is keyed to the shaft 241. This clutch is provided with clutch teeth on its inner end face that are adapted to engage clutch teeth formed on the opposed end face of the gear 245. The nut 249 which threads on the shaft 24! serves to hold the clutch in engaged position.

The spur gear 246 meshes with and drives the spur gear 248 which is keyed to the shaft 258. The shaft 259 is mounted in the base or frame of the machine and extends nearly the whole length of the base of the machine as shown in Figure 2. The miter gear 251 is secured to this shaft. It meshes with and drives the miter gear 252 which is secured to the worm shaft 253 (Figs. 1 and 2). There is a.worm 254 secured to the worm shaft 253. This meshes with the worm wheel 255 which is keyed to the shaft of the cam 218.

Through the gearing described, then, the cam The end-plates 261 and 268 are secured in position by screws 269.

Journaled on the shaft 268 are two sleeves 210 and 212. The sleeve 210 extends through the endplate 261 into the chamber 263 of the drum 262.

It is formed within the chamber 263 with an integral lug or abutment 213. The sleeve 212 extends through an opening in the end-plate 268 into the chamber 264 of the drum 262. It, also, is provided with an integral lug or abutment. This is shown in dotted lines at 214 in Figure 9. It is of the same shape as the lug or arm 213 but is angularly spaced therefrom around the shaft 260.

Mounted on a pin 216 within a well 211 formed in the partition wall 265 of the drum is a rockermember 218 (Figs. 9 and 13). This member is formed with two axially spaced wings 219 and 288. It is secured to the pin 216 by the set screw 281 so that the rocker-member and pin rock together relative to the drum. The member 218 is, also formed on a portion of its periphery with gear teeth 283. These teeth mesh with segmental teeth 284 formed on a portion of the periphery of a disc 285 that is pinned to a shaft 286 which is journaled in the drum 262.

There are two arms or dogs 289 and 298 formed integral with the shaft 286 (Fig. 9). These are oppositely directed, as clearly shown in Figure 9 and extend from opposite ends of the shaft 286, respectively, into the chambers 263 and 264, respectively of the drum 262.

The sleeves 218 and 212 are driven simultaneously in opposite directions from the shaft 241. The sleeve 212 is driven in one direction from the shaft 241 by the gear 246 which meshes with a spur gear 29I that is keyed to the sleeve 212. The sleeve 218 is driven in the opposite direction by the gears 292, 293 and 294. The gear 292 is keyed to the shaft 241. The gear 293 is an idler gear and is secured to a stub-shaft 296 that is suitably journaled in the frame. The gear 294 is keyed to the sleeve 218.

The dogs 289 and 290 are adapted to be engaged alternately with the lugs 213 and 214, respectively, to cause the drum 262 and the shaft 260 to which the drum is keyed, to be driven a1- temately in opposite directions. The construction is such that when one of the dogs 289 or 290 is engaged with the associated lug 213 or 214, as the case may be, the other dog is out-of engagement with its associated lug.

The movement of the dogs 289 and 290 alternately into and out of engagement with their respective lugs 213 .and 214 is effected automatically by reciprocation of a slide 295 (Figs. 9, 12 and 13) This slide reciprocates in a dove-tailed guideway, part of which is formed in the frame of the machine and part of which is formed by the retaining gib or strap 298. This strap is held in position by screws 291 that thread into the frame. There are two longitudinally spaced cam-like projections 299 and 300 formed on the inside face of the slide 295. One of these projections 299 extends from the bottom of the slide upwardly just beyond the center of the slide while the other projection 300 extends from the top of the slide downwardly just beyond the center of the slide. The projections are reversely curved, their shapes being clearly shown in Figures 10 and 13.

The slide 295 is shifted longitudinally in opposite directions to bring the cam projections 299 and 300 alternately into register with the paths of movement of the wings 219 and 280, respectively, of the rocker-member 218.

When the machine is started up, the rotation of the sleeves 210 and 212 in opposite directions will bring one or other of the lugs 213 or 214 into driving engagement with its associated dog 289 or 290, as the case may be, for the movement of the rocker-shaft 286 is such that one of these dogs is always in engaging position at the same time that the other is out of engaging position. Let us assume that the lug 214 and dog 290 are in driving engagement at the beginning of the operation. After the shaft 260 has been rotated the desired number of turns in the same direction, as the direction of rotation of the gear 29I, the cam slide 295 is shifted to the left from the position shown in Figure 12 to bring the cam projection 299 into registry with the path of movement of the wing 219 of the rocker-member 218. The continued rotation of the drum 262 causes the tip of the wing 219 to be moved over the surface of the cam projection 299. This causes the rocker-member 218 to be rocked on its axis, rocking the disc 285 through its geared connection 283-284 therewith. This causes the dog 290 to be rocked out of engagement with the lug 214 and the dog 289 to be rocked down into position where it will engage the lug 213. When the dog 289 engages the lug 213, the shaft 260 will be reversed and will be driven by the sleeve 210. After the desired number of rotations of the shaft 260 in the direction in which it is driven by the sleeve 210, the slide 295 will be shifted back to bring the cam projection 300 into registry with the path of the wing 280. The tip of the wing 283 will then be carried across the surface of the cam projection 300, causing the member 218 to be rocked about its axis, rocking the disc 285 on its axis,'disengaging the dog 289 from the lug 213 and bringing the dog 290 into position to engage the lug 214. Thus again the shaft 260 will be reversed and will again drive in the direction of rotation of the sleeve 212.

To cushion the shocks of reversal of the shaft 260 and to make the reversing mechanism quiet in operation, means has been provided for hydraulically dampening the engagement of the dogs 289 and 290 with their respective associated ball-check valve 309.

lugs 213 and 214. For this purpose, the chambers 263 and 264 of the drum are kept filled with oil or another suitable liquid and a construction is provided such that the dogs can only engage their respective lugs after a controlled displacement of the body of liquid entrapped between each lug and its associated dog after the dog has been moved down into engaging position as above described. The means whereby the hydraulic cushioning effect is obtained will now be described.

Oil or a suitable liquid is continuously supplied to the chambers 263 and 264 from a pump (not shown) which may be mounted in any suitable mariner in the base of the machine and which operates to pump oil from a sump of suitable capacity provided in the base of the machine. Oil is conducted from the pump by the pipe 305 (Fig. 11) into a duct 306 in a capmember 301 that is secured to the frame and covers the inner end of the shaft 260. There is a longitudinal duct 308 drilled in the shaft 260. The shaft 260 is also counterbored to receive the The valve-seat 3I0 is threaded into the end of the shaft 360. The valve 309 is normally urged into closed position by the coil spring 3| I to shut off communication between the duct 306 and the duct 308, but the spring 3| I is so chosen that the pressure of oil flowing from the pump will open the valve 309 enough to allow leakage from the drum to be replaced. There are two ducts 3|3 and 3H drilled radially into the shaft 260 (Fig. 13). These two ducts extend also through the partition wall 265 of the drum and have their outer ends closed by plugs 3l5. A duct 3l1 leads from the duct 3|3 into the chamber 263 of the drum, while a duct 3l8 leads from the duct 3l4 into the chamber 264 of the drum. As indicated, the ducts 3H and 3| 8 are spaced angularly around the drum in substantial conformity with the angular spacing of the dogs 289 and 290.

To prevent entrapment of air in the drum chambers, which might interfere with proper functioning of the cushioning mechanism, slight leakages of oil from the two drum chambers 263 and 264 are allowed to take place during the time that the dogs which are mounted in these respective chambers are not in driving position. To this end, a small leak duct is provided leading from each drum chamber. Only one of these ducts is shown in the drawings for the sake of clearness in illustration. This duct is indicated at 320 in Figures 9 and 14. It leads from the chamber 263. A corresponding duct angularly spaced from the duct 320 in conformity with the spacing of the dogs 289 and 290 leads from the other chamber 264. These leak-ducts lead into valve-chambers 322 (Figs. 11 and 14) formed in the two end caps 261 and 268 of the two chambers 263 and 264. As the valve chamber 322 and the valves which are mounted therein are alike in construction and operation, only one has been shown and will be described.

There is a valve 324 mounted in each of the chambers 322. Each of these valves is provided with spaced collar or guide portions 325 and 326 (Fig. 14) which serve to guide the valve in its movement in the chamber 322 and which enables the valve to perform its function. Each valve is normally pressed by a coil spring 328 into the position shown in Figure 14 to allow oil to flow from the corresponding leak-duct 320 into the valve-chamber. The coil spring surrounds a reduced portion of the valve stem and is interposed between the collar portion 325 and the screw 329 that threads into the chamber 328 and closes the end of that chamber. Thereis a leak-duct 338 leading from each chamber 322 (Fig. 11). These ducts lead to the outside or the cap-members 261 and 268, respectively, allowing oil to leak from the chambers 322 when the valves 324 are in the position shown in Figure 14.

Besides the leak-duct 328, there is also a duct 332 leading from each of the chambers 263 and 264, respectively, into each of the valve-chambers 322. These ducts 332 (Figs. 9 and 14) lead into the bottoms of the associated valve-chambers 322.

The two drum chambers 263 and 264 are shaped as clearly shown in Figure 9. They are substantially cylindrical for the greater portion of their angular extent but each is provided at one side with a pocket or recess in which the associated dog 289 or 298 can move when swung out of driving position. These pockets or recesses are oppositely disposed and angularly spaced in conformity with the angular spacing and opposite disposition of the dogs 289 and 298, as clearly shown in Figure 9. When either dog is swung to disengaged position, oil entrapped in the associated pocket or recess can escape through ,the associated leak duct 328. Each of the dogs has a slot 334 in its tip and the oil entrapped when the dog is swung to disengaged position can also escape through this slot from one side of the drum chamber to the other.

Each of the lugs 213 and 214 is of a width and height to have fluid-tight contact with the side-walls of the chamber in which it rotates and with the cylindrical portion of the inner wall of said chamber. Each of the driving dogs 289 and 298 is, also, of a width to have substantially fluid-tight contact with the side walls of the chamber in which it operates. When either of the driving dogs 289 or 298 is moved, then, into operative position, oil will be entrapped between the dog and its associated lug 213 or 214.

There is a groove 334 (Fig. 10) cut into the inner wall of each of the drum chambers 263 and 264. These grooves are of crescent shape, that is, their bottoms are eccentric of the axis of the shaft 268, and they extend over halfway around the outer walls of the respective drum chamber.

The operation of the cam slide 295 is such as to trip the dogs 289 and 298, respectively, into driving position ordinarily just before the associated lug 213 or 214 has reached a position to shut off the ducts 311 or 2l8 leading into the chamber in which the lug rotates. The shapes of the cam projections 299 and 388 are such that not only are the dogs 289 and 298 reversed without clash or noise but the shutting off of the ducts 3H and 3| 8 is gradual, thereby adding to the cushioning effect of the whole hydraulic dampener.

As soon as one of the dogs 289 or 298 has dropped into driving position, oil isentrapped between the dog and its associated lug. As the lug continues to rotate, part of the oil can escape from between the lug 213 or 214 and its associated driving dog through the eccentric groove 334 in the corresponding drum chamber. The amount of oil which can thus escape is gradually diminished, however, because in its rotation, the lug 213 or 214, as the case may be, gradually closes ofi the eccentric groove 334. Thus before the lug 213 or 214, as the case may be, comes into driving engagement with its associated dog, escape of oil between the two is shut off entirely. At this time, however, oil entrapped between a lug and its associated dog may escape through duct 332 into the valve chamber 322, forcing the valve 324 outwardly in its chamber against the resistance 21': the spring 328. This shuts off the leak-duct The gradual, controlled'entrapment of the oil between a lug and its associated dog during the time the lug is closing oil! the eccentric groove 334 produces a relative braking effect between the drum 262 and shaft 266, which at the time are rotating in one direction, and the associated lug which is rotating in the opposite direction. The controlled escape of the oil from the chambers 263 or 264, as the case may be, into the associated valve chamber 322, after the groove 334 has been shut oil, also operates to gradually slow up the drum and the lug relative to one another prior to driving engagement. This slowing-up action is all the more effective because at the time one of the dogs is moved into driving position, the other dog is moved out of driving position. Thus just prior to reversal, the drum 262 and shaft 268 are simply rotating under their own momentum. The result of the gradual braking action of the resistance of the oil entrapped between one of the dogs and its corresponding lug is that by the time the dog and lug move into engagement, the speed of the shaft 268 which carries the drum and of the sleeve which carries the lug will have been reduced so that the lug picks up the drum and shaft without shock or jar. The operation of the reversing mechanism of the invention is, therefore, quiet and vibrationless.

It is desirable, of course, that the movement of the dogs 213 and 214 into and out of driving position be substantially instantaneous. To this end, a load and fire mechanism is provided to assist the cams 299 or 388, as the case may be, in quickly reversing the positions of the driving dogs. This load and fire mechanism includes a plunger 335 (Fig. 13) that slides in a chamber 336 formed in the partition wall 265 of the drum. This plunger is provided with'a V-shaped outer end which is adapted to engage a V-sh'aped projection 338 formed on the disc 285. The plunger is urged outwardly of its chamber 336 by a coilspring 339. Its outward movement is limited, however, by a set-screw 348 which threads into the outer wall of the chamber 336 and engages in a recess 341 out into the head of the plunger 335. As soon as the projection 338 has moved over the center of the plunger 335 in the movement of the disc 285 in either direction, the plunger comes into action and quickly forces the disc on to the end of its movement, to bring one of the dogs into engagement with the periphery of the sleeve next to drive.

The slide 295 (Figs. 9, 12 and 13) is reversed automatically to operate the reversing mechanism by action of a cam 345 (Figs. 8 and 9) This cam is mounted upon a cam-shaft 346 which is joumaled in bearings 341 and 348 in the base of the machine. The cam 345 is driven continuously in one direction during the operation of the machine, being driven from the shaft 242 (Fig. 8) through the bevel gearing 358 and 35I, the sleeve 354 to which the gear 35I is secured (Fig. 10) the worm-shaft 352 to which the sleeve 354 is secured, the worm 353 secured to the shaft 352, and the worm wheel 355 (Figs. 8 and 9), the latter gear being secured to the shaft 346 on which the cam 345 is mounted.

The cam 345 is of the face-type. There is a roller 356 (Figs. 8 and 9) that engages in the track of this cam. This roller is mounted on a stud 351 which is secured by the set-screw 358 to the arm 359. This arm 359 is keyed to a rockshaft 360 journaled in bearings 361, 362 and 363 in the frame of the machine. A lever-arm 365 is keyed to the outer end of the shaft 360. This that the shaft 260 is driven first in one direction and then in the other. This shaft imparts the generating roll to the cradle and to the work spindle. The drive to the cradle will now be described.

There is a spur gear 310 secured to the outer end of the reverse shaft 260 (Figs. 8 and 11). This gear meshes with a spur gear 311 that is secured to a shaft 312 which ismounted in the frame in parallelism with the shaft 260 and is journaled on anti-friction bearings 313 and 314. The gears 310 and 311 constitute the roll-change gears of the machine. There is a gear 315 keyed to the inner end of the shaft 312. This gear meshes with a gear 316 that is secured to a shaft 311 (Fig. 8). The shaft 311 is suitably journaled in the base of the machine in parallelism with the shaft 312. V

The shaft 311 extends beneath the cradle of the machine. There is a bevel gear 318 secured to this shaft at its inner end (Fig. 3). This geal meshes with another bevel gear 319 that is keyed to a worm shaft 380. The worm shaft is suitably journaled in a bracket 381 mounted in any suitable manner in the base of the machine. There is a worm 382 formed integral with the shaft 380. This worm meshes with a worm wheel 384 (Figs. 3 and 4) that is secured to the cradle 21. The worm wheel 384 is of the split-type and the two parts are secured together by bolts 385. The screws 386 serve to secure this worm wheel to the cradle. Through the drive just described, it will be seen that the cradle is rotated alternately in opposite directions.

To adjust the cutter into correct operative position, aside from the adjustments already described specifically, it may be necessary to adjust the cradle on its axis. To do this, the operator removes the roll gear 311 and applies a wrench to the end of the shaft 312. The cradle is, of course, adjustable through an angle of 360. In order to enable this adjustment to be made accurately, the gib 28 is graduated as shown in Figure 3 and an index finger 381 is secured to the face of the cradle to read against the graduations.

The generating drive to the blank, that is, the gearing which rotates the work spindle during cutting will now be described. There is a spur differential housing 404. The bearing 401 is held in position by a cap-member 405 which is secured within the differential housing by screws 406.

One of the side-gears 408 of the bevel gear differential housed in the housing 404 is keyed to the shaft 396. This side-gear 408 meshes with the planetary gear 409 of the differential. The gear 409 is formed integral with a stub-shaft 410 that is journaled at opposite ends in the differential housing, being mounted on anti-friction bearings 411 and 412. The cover-plates 413 and 414 are detachably secured to the differential housing by screws 415. These permit ready assembly of the gear 409 and bearings 411 and 412.

The gear 409 meshes with the side-gear 416 of the differential. The side-gear is keyed to a telescoping shaft 411 that is journaled at one end in the sleeve 418 formed integral with the differential housing, the shaft 411 being mounted in the anti-friction bearing 419 which is secured in the sleeve 418 by the cap-member 420. This capmember is held in position by screws 421. The shaft 411 is suitably journaled at its other end in the base of the machine. I

There is a bevel gear 425 suitably secured to the shaft 411 at this latter end (Fig. 1). This gear 425 meshes with and drives a bevel gear 426 that is secured to a vertical shaft 421 which is so journaled in the work head carrier 188 that its axis coincides with the axis of angular adjustment of the work-head carrier. The telescoping shaft 411 allows of the sliding adjustment of the work head base required to bring the work into operative relation with the cutter as described above.

There is a bevel gear 428 secured to the upper end of the shaft 421 (Figs. 1 and 2). This gear meshes with and drives -a bevel gear 430 that is keyed to a diagonal shaft 431. The diagonal shaft is suitably journaled in the work-head carrier 188. There is a bevel gear 432 keyed to this diagonal shaft. It meshes with a bevel gear 433 which is secured to one part of a telescoping shaft 434. The other end of this telescoping shaft has a bevel gear 435 fastened to it. This bevel gear meshes with a bevel gear 436 on a vertical telescoping shaft 431. There is a spur gear 438 secured to the upper end of the shaft 431. This spur gear forms one of a set of index change gears of which the other members are designated at 439, 440 and 441, respectively. The change gear 441 is secured to a vertical shaft 442 (Fig. 2).

There is a worm 443 secured to the shaft 442. This meshes with the index worm wheel 444 which is keyed to the work spindle 205 of the machine. The index Worm wheel is of the split-type, the two parts being secured together by bolts 445.

The sleeve portion 402 of the differential hous- [of the machine.

During cutting, the differential housing is held gear 390 (Figs. 8 and 10) secured to the shaft 311. a

ainst rotation. For this ur ose, a f ThlS meshes with a spur gear 394 (Fig. 10) sestgopdogs 46 and 46' (Fig? are 3:35

cured to a stub-shaft 393. This spur gear 394 meshes with a spur gear 395 that is keyed to the shaft 396. The gear 395 is held against the shoulder on the shaft 395 by the nut 391, washer 398 and spacer sleeve 399. The shaft 396 is journaled in the bushing 400 and anti-friction bearing 401 in a sleeve 402 that is formed integral with a These are adapted to engage, respectively, shoulders 462 and 463 formed on a stop-plate 465 that is rotatable in the drum 453 and is keyed to the sleeve 402 of the differential housing. Thus, during cutting, the differential gears will simply transmit motion between the shafts 396 and 411 and by suitably selected change gears, the blank will be rotated at a ratio relative to the rotation of the cradle to produce generated tooth profiles on the blank, of the desired shape.

The stop-dogs 468 and 46l are in the form-of rocker-members having integral studs or shafts 466 and 461, respectively, that are journaled in the drum 453 and drum cover-plate 454. Each of the shafts 466 and 461 has a double-armed tail-piece keyed to it. These are designated at 468 and 469, respectively (Fig. 9).

The stop-dogs 468 and 46l are normally urged into and are held in locking engagement with the stop-plate 465 by spring-pressed plungers 418 and 4H, respectively, which engage one arm 412 and 413, respectively, of each of the tailpieces 468 and 469. The other arms 414 and 415, respectively, of eachof the tail-pieces 468 and 469 overlap, as clearly shown in Figure 9. The plungers 418 and "I are mounted in sockets 488 and 48!, respectively, drilled in the frame of the machine. They are held in engagement with the arms 412 and 413, respectively, by coil-springs 482 and 483, respectively. These springs surround the stems of the plungers and are inter-- posed between the heads of the plungers and nuts 484 and 485, respectively, that thread into the frame. Lock-nuts 486 are provided to hold the nuts 484 and 485 against rotation.

To index the work spindle, the differential housing is released and the housing rotated, through means which will now be described. This imparts to the work spindle an additional rotational movement of an algebraic nature which accelerates or decelerates the normal rotation of the work spindle, depending upon the direction of rotation of the differential housing during indexing, and thereby changes the ratio of blank to cradle rotation to effect the indexing.

The shaft 352, as already described, (Figs. 8, 9 and 10) is driven continuously in one direction during the operation of the machine. This shaft is journaled at one end in the frame of the machine being mounted on a bushing 498. At its opposite end it is journaled on a bushing 494 in abracket 492 that is secured to the frame by screws 493. There is a projection or abutment 495,- which is of considerable angular extent, formed on the shaft 352. This projection extends into a drum 491 that is journaled on the bushing 498 which is mounted on the shaft 352 (Fig. 10). The open end of this drum 491 is closed by a cover-member 588 which is mounted on the bushing 494 and which is secured to the drum proper by screws 58!.

There are two pawls 583 and 584 (Fig. 9) mounted in the drum 491 that are adapted to engage the projection 495 to transmit the rotation of the shaft 352 to the drum. Each of these pawls 583 and 584 is secured to an integral rockshaft designated at 585 and 586, respectively. The two rock-shafts are journaled in the drum 491 and the cover-plate 588. There is a tailpiece 581 keyed to the rock-shaft 585 and there is a tail-piece 588 keyed to the rock-shaft 586. The tail-piece 581 carries a roller 589 (Figs. 9 and 10) that is secured to the tail-piece by the pin 5l8. The tail-piece 588 has a toe-portion 5I2 which is adapted to engage the roller 589 of the other tail-piece. Coil springs 5l3 and SM, which are secured, respectively, at one end to the drum 491 and at their other ends to the two tail-pieces 581 and 588 at opposite sides of the respective rock-shafts 585 and 586 from the roller 589 and toe-portion 5l2, respectively, are provided to move the pawls 583 and 584 into engaging position relative to the projection 495. During cutting of the tooth surfaces of the blank, however, the two pawls 583 and 584 are held out of engagement with the projection 495 against the resistance of the springs 5I3 and 5. They lie in recesses 5l5 formed in the inside wall of the drum. They are so held by a trip-arm 5l6 which is pivotally mounted on a stud 5" that is secured in the frame of the machine. This lever carries a roller 5| 8 that cooperates with a reciprocable cam-rod 528. The rod slides in suitable bearings MI and 522 formed on the frame of the machine. The upper surface of the rod is formed with a cam slot 524, the shape of which iscl'early-seen in Figure 9.

When the rod 528 is in the position shown in Figure 9, the trip lever 5|6 is held in its upper position, engaging the roller 589 to hold the pawl 583 disengaged from the projection. 495 against the resistance of the spring 5| 3. In this position, the trip lever 5l6 also operates to hold the pawl 584 disengaged from the projection 495 for when the roller 589 is rocked upwardly, as shown, it engages the toe-portion 5l2 of the tailpiece 588, rocking the shaft 586 on its axis against the resistance of the spring 5l4 to move the pawl 584 to disengaged position. When the rod 528 is shifted to the left from the position shown in Figure 9, the roller 5! rides down in the cam slot 524 of the rod and the lever 5l6 drops away by gravity from the roller 589. This releases the pawls 583 and 584 and the two are immediately moved into engaging position under actuation of the springs 5| 3 and 5| 4.

The rod 528 is reciprocated by operation of a cam 526 (Figs. 8 and 9) that is secured to the shaft 346. The lever 521, which is pivotally mounted on the stud 529 that is secured in the lug 538 formed on the frame, carries a roller 53! at one end which engages in the trackway of the cam 526 and at its other end it carries the pin 532 which engages in a slot 533 formed in the rod 528.

As previously stated, the shaft 346 rotates continuously in one direction during the operation of the machine. Hence, as the cam 526 rotates on its axis, the rod 528 is moved alternately to the left and to the right to operate the pawls 583 and 584. The rod 528 also controls the stopdogs 468 and 46l for when the rod is moved to the left to release the pawls 583 and 584, its end comes into contact with the tail-portion 414 of the arm 468, rocking this arm and the arm 415 from the positions shown in Figure 9 against the resistance of the spring plungers 418 and 41!, thus disengaging the stop-dogs 468 and 46! from the stop-plate 465. This releases the differential housing 484. The inside wall of the drum 453 is formed with recesses 534 so that the stopdogs 468 and 46l can be swung entirely clear of the stop-plate.

There is a spur gear 535 secured to the drum 491 by screws 536. This spur gear meshes with a spur gear 531 which is secured to the differential housing 484 by screws 538.

When the dogs 468 and 46| have been tripped out of engagement with the stop-plate 465 and the pawls 593 and 584 are in driving position, the motion of the shaft 352 is transmitted through the projection 495, one of the pawls 583 or 584; the drum'491 and the gears 535 and 531 tothe differential housing 484. This causes the differential housing to be rotated on its axis and thus an additional rotational movement of an algebraic nature is imparted to the shaft 1 in 

